Sun Tzu’s famous book, The Art of War, was written in about 500 B.C. and its timeless principles have been used widely in business and strategy. In their book, Gerald Michaelson and Steven Michaelson focus on helping business leaders to understand and apply these powerful ideas, so you can strengthen both your strategy (to do the right things) and tactics (to do things right) to achieve success. In this free Sun Tzu The Art of War for Managers summary, we’ll give an overview of the 13 chapters or sections of Sun Tzu’s Art of War.
Sun Tzu Art of War for Managers: An Overview
Sun Tzu’s insights have been applied and proven over 25 centuries. In this book, Steven Michaelson explains the 13 chapters of the Art of War and breaks the ideas down into 50 strategic rules for business with short examples and notes. To most accurately summarize the concepts, we’ve cross-referenced the explanation of Sun Tzu’s principles against other translations of Sun Tzu’s work, paraphrased several of these terms and presented them alongside Michaelson’s recommendations for managers.
We’ll now zoom into the first 2 chapters in detail before giving an overview of the remaining 9 chapters. Our full 15-page Sun Tzu The Art of War for Managers summary covers all these in greater detail.
1. DETAILED PLANNING & ASSESSMENT
Don’t rush into action before assessing the situation thoroughly. Dig deep to define the problem and solution clearly and write your plans down as simply as possible. Michaelson breaks this down into 3 strategic rules:
i. Evaluate the Situation Fully
Sun Tzu says that every general must have a clear grasp of 5 factors: moral influence, weather, terrain, generalship and doctrine. In business, these can be translated into:
(i) Spirit of mission, i.e. how deeply people agree with, believe and commit to your vision and mission;
(ii) External forces, including competition and industry/ global trends;
(iii) Marketplace, i.e. your scene of action or where you operate;
(iv) Leadership, i.e. the people who’re leading or in command; and
(v) Guiding principles, management systems and processes.
ii. Compare Attributes
Compare where you stand on each of these 5 factors relative to your competitors. Consider your relative strengths and weaknesses. Look at results, processes and practices to find new ideas or insights.
iii. Find Strategic Turns
Identify strategic turns which can turn the balance of power in your favor. Wars are often won with deception and surprises. In business, you must also use unconventional strategies to exploit your enemy’s vulnerabilities and erode their capabilities, e.g. sow seeds of disunity or distract them.
2. WAGING WAR
To win, you need a great strategic plan and a tactical plan to implement it. Concurrently plan and take action to test if the plan is sound and build contingency plans for threats and opportunities. Following are the strategic rules for business:
i. Gather Enough Resources
To win a war, you must have adequate funds. Businesses often fail because they run out of capital—this is in turn due to poor management, resource allocation or product-service fit.
ii. Aim for Swift Victories
A swift victory is always better than a prolonged battle. A lengthy war drains resources and morale, and increases the risks of errors or complications. To have a speedy victory, you must build your efficiency and effectiveness, combine multiple elements to create an advantage, and/or use the element of surprise.
iii. Share the Rewards
In warfare, you can motivate your troops by rewarding them with war trophies; you can become stronger with each conquest by winning over captured soldiers with kind treatment. Likewise in business, you can acquire physical and human resources through acquisitions. Plan your acquisition strategies and internal reward programs so everyone will benefit from your successes. Reward people immediately after victories and recognize them publicly.
iv. Master your Craft
A great general must understand warfare. Likewise, great business leaders must truly understand their business. Top CEOs—such as Steve Jobs of Apple, Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway, and Eric Schmidt of Google—are all experts in their respective fields.
THE 13 CHAPTERS OF ART OF WAR IN A NUTSHELL:
Here’s an overview of the remaining chapters and associated strategic rules:
In a nutshell:
1. Detailed Planning & Assessment: Don’t rush into action before thoroughly assessing the situation.
2. Waging War: You need a sound tactical plan to implement your broad strategic plan.
3. Strategic Attacks: Strategy = enacting the war on paper. Seek to win with minimal confrontation.
4. Tactical Dispositions: Strategy comes before tactics, but your strategy must also consider tactical elements.
5. Use of Forces: Your leaders and command system decide how resources are controlled and deployed in battle.
6. Strength vs Weakness: To win, pool your strengths against your enemy’s weaknesses.
7. Maneuvering: Think of ways to put your enemy at a disadvantage, then refine your approach as you take action.
8. Tactical Variation: As you implement your strategy, adjust your tactics based on real-time feedback.
9. Moving & Deploying Troops: Own a strong, secure position and use it as a strategic base for your attacks.
10. Terrain: Know your terrain (internal/external areas of business operations) to make winning decisions.
11. The 9 Battlegrounds: Match your strategy with the battleground, always seeking to have the advantage.
12. Attack with Fire: Fire is a powerful offensive weapon that can bring great damage to the enemy.
13. Intelligence & Espionage: Gather, organize, integrate and disseminate info effectively for better decisions.
You can learn more about all these in our complete version of the Sun Tzu The Art of War for Managers summary.
Getting the Most from Sun Tzu’s Art of War for Managers
Ready to achieve success by strengthening your strategy (to do the right things) and tactics (to do things right)? You can get the details on the 13 Art of War chapters and the 50 strategic rules for managers with our complete book summary bundle. This includes an infographic, a 15-page text summary, and a 26-minute audio summary.
Each chapter in the book comes with a translation of Sun Tzu’s text (with more tips on the conduct of war, e.g. the ideal approaches in different types of terrain and forms of deception), as well as a short commentary for managers with reference to real-life businesses. Michaelson also included brief examples contributed by managers who have applied Sun Tzu’s ideas in their organizations.
You can purchase the book here to read about it in greater detail.
To get more ideas on how you can apply such proven insights and strategies in your business, read our Outthink the Competition summary here. Or, read more on business strategy in the Playing to Win summary.
About the Authors of Sun Tzu’s Art of War for Managers
Sun Tzu The Art of War for Managers: 50 Strategic Rules Updated for Today’s Business is written by Gerald Michaelson & Steven Michaelson.
Gerald Michaelson was a Korean War Veteran, Fortune 500 executive, writer, consultant and management coach, with more than 25 years’ experiences in sales, marketing and management. He was best known for his study of Sun Tzu and was invited by the Chinese government to lecture on Sun Tzu in China. He passed away in 2005.
In 2010, his son Steven Michaelson updated Sun Tzu The Art of War for Managers with modern business examples. Steve is the President of FreshDirect, with years of experience in leadership roles including sales, marketing, operations and merchandising.
Sun Tzu Art of War for Managers Quotes
“Strategy does not seek confrontation; instead, it seeks to achieve objectives with minimum combat.”
“Strategy…is war on paper. It is doing the right thing. It is seeking victory before the battle.”
“Someone must be in charge. Where everyone decides everything, no one decides anything.”
“Structure follows strategy, always. First determine the strategy to achieve your vision and then develop the organization structure. Finally, put the best people in place.”
“There’s no such thing as staying exactly where you are; you either get bigger or you get smaller.”
“Good politicians negotiate; bad politicians fight battles.”
“If your plan is not in writing, you do not have a plan at all.”
“Strategy always comes before tactics, just as thinking comes before doing.”
Master the Art of War for your business!
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