In their earlier book, Extreme Ownership, former US Navy SEALs, Jocko Willink and Leif Babin, shared 12 leadership principles that have enabled elite SEAL leaders and teams to achieve extraordinary results. One of these principles is about managing and balancing the dichotomy of leadership. In this book, the authors use examples from the battlefield and their consulting business to help leaders understand the nuances in leadership and how to embrace the inherent contradictions in leadership to lead and win. In our free version of The Dichotomy of Leadership summary, we’ll give a quick overview of these 12 principles.
Introduction: The Dichotomy of Leadership
Extreme Ownership means taking 100% ownership and responsibility for everything in your world. Great leaders don’t blame others for mistakes; instead, they identify what went wrong and find solutions to ensure the mistakes aren’t repeated. This paves the way for continuous improvement.
Yet, effective leadership requires balance, not extremism. Effective leaders take extreme ownership, but are not extreme in their attitudes or actions. They balance the forces that pull them in opposite directions. We’ll now outline the 12 principles of the dichotomy of leadership in 3 parts.
Balancing Your People
The first principles involve balancing dichotomies involving your people/team:
1. THE ULTIMATE DICHOTOMY
The biggest and toughest dichotomy in leadership is to care deeply about your people, yet have to make decisions that may put them at risk for the wider mission. It’s about building strong relationships with your team without letting your feelings stop you from doing what’s necessary; it’s about driving results without pushing too hard.
Leaders who get too emotionally-attached to people can’t do their jobs effectively, e.g. failing to take people to task for bad behavior. On the other extreme, leaders who focus only on the mission may also hurt team morale and loyalty, e.g. overworking people with no regard for their well-being. Great leaders truly care for their people and feel responsible for their livelihood. The ultimate challenge is to balance between doing your best to take care of your team while being prepared to expose them to risks to achieve the mission. For combat leaders, such risks could literally involve life or death.
SEAL example
In 2006, Willink and Babin were fighting against insurgents in Ramadi, Iraq, when a SEAL was killed during an attack. Babin—who was the platoon commander for that mission—was distraught. He regretted leading his men into battle. Willink reminded him that if they had stayed out of the battle and left other comrades to fight alone, the death toll might’ve been even higher. As leaders, they could do their best to mitigate the risks, but they couldn’t eliminate them fully. As combat leaders, they had to send their men into danger no matter how much they cared for them—that was the burden of leadership they had to bear.
Business example
The manager of a mining company was in a dilemma—the mines were losing money but he didn’t want any of the employees to lose their jobs. Willink explained the dichotomy of leadership and pointed out that the manager had tipped too far to one extreme: he was caring too much for his people at the expense of the wider mission (to ensure the mines stayed commercially viable). HQ had already closed 1 of the 6 mines; if the manager still refused to let go of excess staff, more mines may be closed, leading to more jobs being lost (including the managers’). The manager finally saw the light and made the hard decision to let go of 80 employees; the company’s profitability improved and the remaining 600 employees kept their jobs.
We’ll now outline the remaining 3 principles for Balancing your People. For similar details and examples on The Dichotomy of Leadership, do get our complete 14-page summary.
2. OWN EVERYTHING BUT EMPOWER OTHERS
Great leaders balance between extreme ownership and decentralized command, to find the equilibrium between taking too much ownership (micro-management) and too little ownership (hands-off approach).
3. BE RESOLUTE BUT NOT OVERBEARING
Leaders must know when to stand firm and when to allow some flexibility. It’s about finding the equilibrium between being too lenient vs too tyrannical.
4. NURTURE PEOPLE BUT KNOW WHEN TO LET THEM GO
Leaders must do their best to improve each member’s performance, yet know when it’s time to let someone go for the wider good of the team.
In our full book summary, we elaborate on each of the principles above with more examples and tips.
Balancing The Mission
The next 4 dichotomies of leadership are about balancing your mission:
5. TRAIN HARD BUT TRAIN SMART
Effective training must be hard enough to push teams beyond the existing limits, yet not so hard that it demoralizes/overwhelms people to the point they can’t learn.
6. BE AGGRESSIVE BUT NOT RECKLESS
Be aggressive (or proactive) by default, but balance it with a proper evaluation of the risks and benefits.
7. BE DISCIPLINED BUT NOT RIGID
Discipline, SOPs and repeatable processes/actions can help a team to maneuver quickly, but they must also be balanced with the flexibility to adapt to realities. Leaders must apply common sense and creative/critical thinking instead of rigidly following SOPs.
8. HOLD PEOPLE ACCOUNTABLE BUT DON’T HOLD THEIR HANDS
Many leaders rely on accountability (i.e. personally supervising everything) to ensure things get done. This must be balanced with education and empowerment, so people understand why they are doing something and are empowered to do the right things without constant oversight.
In our full 14-page summary of The Dichotomy of Leadership summary, we dive deeper into what each of these principles look like in practice.
Balancing Yourself
The next 4 principles of The Dichotomy of Leadership are about balancing yourself:
9. BE A LEADER AND A FOLLOWER
Good leaders can take charge and make hard decisions. However, they can also listen to and follow others. They can recognize, respect and navigate disagreements instead of bulldozing their way through.
10. PLAN BUT DON’T OVER-PLAN
For a mission to succeed, you need careful planning, i.e. find solutions to prevent/mitigate controllable risks and manage contingencies. Yet, if you try to develop solutions for every possible problem, you’d be overwhelmed.
11. BE HUMBLE BUT NOT PASSIVE
Humility is about (i) realizing that you don’t know everything, and (ii) seeing beyond your own needs to consider the wider strategic perspectives. However, taken to the extreme, it can lead to passivity, i.e. failing to take a stand or push back on things that truly matter for the team or mission.
12. BE FOCUSED BUT DETACHED
Leaders must pay attention to details without getting so lost in the details that they lose sight of the big picture.
Getting the Most from The Dichotomy of Leadership
In this article, we’ve briefly outlined some of the key insights and strategies you can use to achieve desired change. In our complete version of The Dichotomy of Leadership summary, we outline the 12 dichotomies with at least 1 short combat and business example each. These examples (with additional stories) are illustrated in vivid detail in the book, to help you see the principles at work. Do get our complete book summary bundle which includes an infographic, 14-page text summary, and a 27-minute audio summary.
You can purchase the book here for the full details, or check out more resources/details at www.echelonfront.com.
[You can also check out our Extreme Ownership summary here.]About the Authors of The Dichotomy of Leadership
The Dichotomy of Leadership: Balancing The Challenges of Extreme Ownership to Lead and Win is written by Jocko Willink and Leif Babin.
John Gretton “Jocko” Willink and Leif Babin are both decorated retired Navy SEAL officers who served in the Iraq War, during the Battle of Ramadi. They each received the Silver Star, the Bronze Star and other awards for their contributions. After leaving the SEALs, they co-founded leadership consulting company Echelon Front.
The Dichotomy of Leadership Quotes
“Extreme Ownership is the foundation of good leadership. But leadership seldom requires extreme ideas or attitudes…leadership requires balance.”
“Leaders must find the balance…They must drive their team to accomplish the mission without driving them off a cliff.”
“When your team is too decentralized, no one knows in what direction to go. Too much ownership, and people won’t act with any level of initiative.”
“There is a time to stand firm and enforce rules and there is a time to give ground and allow the rules to bend. Finding that balance is critical for leaders to get maximum effectiveness from their team.”
“To be overly aggressive, without critical thinking, is to be reckless.”
“In order to be a good leader, you must also be a good follower. Finding that balance is key.”
“It was the weakest form of leadership to win an argument through rank or position.”
“Humility has to be balanced by knowing when to make a stand.”
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